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These search locations are similar to those used when searching for views by name, with the exception that we now look for a partial by the name specified in the RenderPartial method. We could ve used <%= Html.Partial("Profile", profile) %> as well. The difference is that Html.Partial(...) returns, whereas Html.RenderPartial(...) renders the partial immediately to the response stream. In our example in listing 10.2, the call to RenderPartial looks for a file named Profile, found in the controller-specific Views folder shown in figure 10.1. The Profile partial is an ASCX file, but we could use an ASPX file if need be. Using an ASPX file would allow us to build partials that could use master pages. Otherwise, the ASCX file will inherit from System.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControl (or its generic counterpart). We can develop strongly typed partials with the same Figure 10.1 The Profile access to the strongly typed view helpers by inheriting partial located in our Profile Views folder from ViewUserControl<T>, as shown in listing 10.3.

To show how dangerous buffer overflow vulnerabilities can be, we provide a more detailed example in which a password program guards a vault and is compromised due to the vulnerability (see Figure 6-1). The compromise will provide an attacker access to the vault without requiring a correct password. The password program is shown here: 1 int checkPassword() { 2 char pass[16]; 3 bzero(pass, 16); // Initialize 4 printf ("Enter password: "); 5 gets(pass); 6 if (strcmp(pass, "opensesame") == 0) 7 return 1; 8 else 9 return 0; 10 }

A calculator is a simple application that is implemented in most GUI programming books. This example is meant to show you just how easy it is to implement a calculator. A screenshot of the application can be viewed in Figure 13-2.

<%@ Control Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControl<Profile>" %> <tr> <td><%= Model.Username %></td> <td><%= Model.FirstName%></td> <td><%= Model.LastName%></td> </tr>

With the strongly typed partial, the Model property now reflects a Profile object. Partials work well for displaying common snippets of content for information already in the main model from the controller action. But for other widgets, we need to look at a new ASP.NET MVC 2 feature called child actions.

Figure 13-2. A simple calculator application This calculator application was designed in Glade, so the user interface was already completed with absolutely no code. Next, glade_xml_signal_autoconnect() was used to connect all of the buttons to their signals. Since most of the widgets in this example are GtkButton widgets, the clicked and destroy signals were the only two needed. The calculator allows the user to enter numbers with an optional decimal point, perform the four basic operations (add, subtract, multiply, and divide), negate numbers, and calculate square roots and exponents. In order to cut down on the number of callback functions needed, all of the numbers and the decimal place were connected to a single callback function called

1. Actually, 1023 bytes of user input, and 1 byte for the null character. In our discussion when we refer to user input, we count the null character as a byte of user input and say 1024 bytes for simplicity.

Partials work well for displaying information already in the main view s model, but they tend to break down when the model displayed needs to come from another source. For example, a logon widget might display the current user s name and email, but the rest of the page likely displays information that has nothing to do with the current user. We could pass this unrelated model through the ViewDataDictionary, but now we re back to magic strings in our action, with problems tracing the model back to its source.

num_clicked(), and the four basic operations and the power operations were connected to another. This allows you to take advantage of the fact that these groups of operations need a lot of similar code to work. When a number or the decimal point button is clicked, the character is appended to the end of the current value, although the length of the number is restricted to ten digits. When an operation button is clicked, the operation is performed, and the new value is stored. It also sets a flag called clear_flag that tells the calculator that a new number should be started when the user presses a number or decimal place. The square root operation is not grouped with the other operations, because it is immediately performed on the displayed value in the sqrt_clicked() callback function. In order to do this, it simply takes the current value displayed in the GtkEntry widget, calculates the square root of the number, and stores the result back in the GtkEntry widget. Likewise, the negate operation also takes effect immediately. The exponential operation, on the other hand, asks for the power after it is clicked.

For snippets of content that tend to have nothing to do with the main information displayed, we can instead spawn a miniature internal pipeline for a separate child action, as shown in listing 10.4.